Impact of New Technology in Nursing Research Paper

Impact of New Technology in Nursing - Research Paper Example This technology identifies the mutations of genes that expose a person to the development of chronic illnesses (American Association for Cancer Research, 2012). Genetics also identifies the carrier status, and diagnose certain uteri conditions. The medical professionals encounter patients who visit health facilities requiring treatment with their genetic sequencing and genotyping at hand. The availability of genetic data empowers the patients, and enhances better health care. The challenge that the nursing fraternity face with the introduction of the genetic technology is the education (American Association for Cancer Research, 2012). Most of the nurses in the current nursing practice have little or no knowledge about the genomics and genetics, hence lacking the required competence for delivery of effective counseling and the discharge of knowledge to the relevant patients. Contrary to the above concerns, the technology of genetic sequencing and genotyping continues to improve the interventional medicine by improving the diagnostics of nursing. (American Association for Cancer Research, 2012) The introduction of more accurate but less invasive tools in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases has changed the nursing practice. The emergence of technologies that test the existence of heart disease, monitoring the amount of blood sugar and the use of magnets to treat depression has transformed the outlook of nursing (Kelland, 2012). The use of scanning technology to identify the hard and soft body tissues is extensively important in the elimination of exploratory surgeries that inflict pain on patients in the process of determining the genesis of an illness (Miliard, 2012). These scans also detect the spread of chronic diseases faster than the x ray imaging. Despite the medical advances that come with the more accurate diagnosis tools, the challenge that the nurses face is in the use of the

Identifying Fallacies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Identifying Fallacies - Essay Example In this regard, a rosy picture of Iraq is painted so as to hide the fact that armed battle was going on in that country. The use of the words "brutal, calculating and instructive" already suggests prejudice. These biased terms are used so as to justify to the American public and persuade people to positively perceive the Administration's decision to wage a war on Iraq. One of the programming companies, which develops anti-virus for computers, came up with an internet advertisement that shows all the files in your computer being deleted when one clicks an "OK" button on a pop-up screen. "We've also seen images of a young American facing decapitation. This vile display shows a contempt for all rules of warfare." - President George W. Bush (Remarks by the President on Iraq and War on Terror, 2004) In his speech, President Bush painted images of an American being decapitated. In this regard, he rouses the public to feel pity for the young American and at the same time provokes anger so that the people will feel the urge to fight back. An example is given by Freeman (1987) in The Courier-Journal wherein Barry Schweid of the Associated Press generated a report from a group from Stanford University that claimed to find diminutive proof of cheating by the Soviet Union on arms control-treaties. This appeals to false authority, which in this case is the group from Stanford University, a highly prominent organization. The credibility of the reports and validity of claims are established only because its was produced by a team from an Ivy League school 2.4. Appeal to Bandwagon "Why should you feel guilty for seeking your own happiness when that's what everyone else is doing" - Harry Browne (The Unselfish Trap) This statement is clearly an appeal to bandwagon because it justifies the correctness of an action to the perception that "everyone" is doing the same. 2.5. Appeal to Prejudice "These elements of Saddam's repressive regime and secret police have reorganized, rearmed and adopted sophisticated terrorist tactics. They've linked up with foreign fighters and terrorists" - President George W. Bush (Remarks by the President on Iraq and War on Terror, 2004) This statement aims to discredit Saddam's group by bringing up its linkage to foreign fighters and terrorists. The problem is no sufficient evidence is presented to support the soundness of the claim. Note that the primary reason of US invasion of Iraq is the presence of weapons of mass destruction as "proven" by intelligence report. However, these other issues are also brought up to appeal to

Concepts and principles of business to business marketing

Concepts and principles of business to business marketing The purpose of this paper is to discuss business-to-business marketing requires a special, unique set of marketing concepts and principles versus business-to-business marketing is really not that different and the basic marketing concepts and principles apply. The basic concepts and principles for business-to-consumer have been studied and the researcher agreed that the basic marketing and principles do apply. However, the application and implementation of the marketing strategy may need to be attuned to the nature of business-to-business activity. Business-to-business (B2B) can be explained as business that sells products or provides services to other businesses. These organisations in turn, may re-sell the products and services to final consumers; or they may use the products or services as an input for manufacturing of final consumer goods; or use it provide services to final consumers; or government that use these products and services to serve the society. While B2B activity may exist in both traditional form and online, the acronym B2B is commonly refer to the online variety (Jobber, 2007, p. 19). Whereas Business-to-Consumer (B2C) is defined as business that sells products or provide services to final consumers. These consumers can be either individuals or family units and these products or services is purchased for own consumption purposes. Although B2C activity may exist in both traditional form and online, the acronym B2C is generally refer to the online variety (McDaniel, et al., 2006, p. 196). Modern marketing concept can be defined as identifying and meeting targeted consumer needs and wants better than the competitor, for the benefit of the organisation and its stakeholders. Therefore, the function of marketing management will include formulating and implementing a suitable marketing strategy to achieve organisation goals; through satisfied customers (Kotler Keller, 2009, p. 45). To understand the marketing function, marketer needs to understand the core marketing concepts: the production concepts, the product concepts, the selling concepts, the marketing concepts, holistic concepts and societal marketing concepts. 1 In order to satisfy the targeted consumers, the marketer needs to understand the market environment and the consumer. Based on this understanding, a company will work out a Marketing mix and develop suitable marketing activities and deliver the value to the consumer. The traditional marketing mix consists of four elements: product, price, promotion and place (4-Ps). However, marketing in todays business world has evolved. It is important for todays marketer to include three additional Ps: people, process and physical evidence (Jobber, 2007, p. 19). One of the crucial exercise while developing marketing strategy, marketer will need to evaluate the companys general strength, weakness, opportunity and threats. This constructive methodology is also known as the SWOT analysis. It is recognised that from the basic marketing concepts and the marketing mix which have been mentioned earlier, there is a crucial element which a marketer must remember consumers. Consumers may be divided into two categories: final/ultimate consumers and organisational consumers. However, they are both the source of revenue for the organisation. They are the targeted people which the marketer would need to satisfy, in order to make the sales. Therefore, the basic marketing concepts and principles may be applied to both types of consumers. Only adaptation of the targeted consumer type is needed. The 4-Ps is a useful marketing tool in determining the marketers trade channels and their final consumers. The Product element in the 4-Ps is where the company needs to choose what type of product or service to provide to a group of customer, in order to satisfy their wants. This is especially crucial in new product development. A product may be in the form of physical goods, such as mobile phones, isotonic drink, LED television and etc. Service is intangible benefits that a company or individual can offer to the customers, such as financial consultant, medical care, and etc (Kotler, et al., 2003, p. 17). 2 Price is one of the most important components in the 4-Ps. This is due to the fact that it signifies the benefits that the company will receive from the sale of products and services. As compared to other elements of the 4-Ps, which represent costs. It is crucial for company to determine the most suitable pricing of its product. This is because product price may influence the purchasing decision of the buyer. Some companies may opt for lower price strategy by offering a lower price version of the same product offered by competitor (McDaniel, et al., 2006, p. 196). Promotion is the means for a marketer to communicate with the targeted customer, to enable the awareness of the product existence and availability. Marketer will be required to decide the channel of promotional activities suited for the product or service its offering. Some larger companies may choose television advertisement as the promotional activity, because it is able to cover wide audiences in a fast way. Some companies with a lesser resources may choose internet as their promotional tools, where the cost is lower and it is not limited by geographical boundary (Elliot, et al., 2008, p. 34). Place involves ensuring the products and services is available to the targeted customers. Marketer needs to decide on the distribution channels and the management of the product location, transportation and etc. A good distribution method is able to create competitive advantage for the company. This is apparent in the case for Dell computers (Kotler, et al., 2003, p. 17). People play an important role in todays business. The quality of service by the companys employee very much influence customers impression on the companys product. This is particularly essential to the service industry. Potential customer may walk away from a purchase if they feel that they receive ill-treatment from the sales staff. Study has shown that a company is able to generate more sales by improving customer service (Mathe and Shapiro, 1993). Physical evidence represents the ambience where the service is being carried out. The physical environment, decoration and colour which are visible to the targeted customers have the ability to affect the customers decision (Kotler Keller, 2009). 3 Process is the flow of activity or the medium of transaction where customers obtain services. Process decisions completely influence how the company delivers the service to the customer. It is understood that in order to establish a suitable marketing mix, a company must understand its targeted customer. And this customer can be divided during the process of market segmentation and target marketing. A company should be able to differentiate its customer base; whether they are final consumer (B2C) or organisational consumer (B2B). After identifying this, the same seven Ps may be applied to targeted consumers. Coviello and Brodie (2001) found that existing business process for both B2C and B2B companies is concerned with managing the marketing mix to attract customers. This is also known as transaction marketing. Either final consumer or organisational consumer, the marketer should consider all the seven elements in marketing mix to derive on the most suitable marketing strategy. Some might argue that basic marketing concepts are suitable for a B2C environment. However, study has shown that even international company like Levi Strauss (a renown clothing brand, specialise in jeans) needs to make certain adaption in developing its marketing mix. By understanding each countrys local cultural, physical environment, legal issues, and etc; Levi Strauss is able to apply the right marketing mix to the right consumer group (Vrontis Vronti, 2004). 4 Further the seven Ps, the SWOT analysis of the company is also important to the marketer. The analysis examines the companys internal environment (strengths and weaknesses) and external environment (opportunities and threats). By knowing the companys resources and capabilities, it is possible to turn weaknesses into strengths. Knowing the market environment and trends, it is possible to convert threats into opportunities. SWOT analysis is not limited to certain type of business or consumer. It is about the study of the companys internal and external environment. Therefore, this same basic concept is applicable to both B2B and B2C companies (Elliot, et al., 2008, p. 34). Todays business environment is very dynamic; a marketer should realise that the older marketing concepts is insufficient for a successful marketing strategy. In order to have a more comprehensive strategy, marketers have adopted the Holistic marketing concept. It is the concept that accepts everything matters in marketing, extensive outlook of the business environment is necessary for successful marketing campaign. It is concern with relationship marketing, integrated marketing, internal marketing and performance marketing (Baines, et al., 2008, p. 12). 5 The holistic marketing concept is another evident that shows it does not limit to B2C environment, and the basic concept can be applied to B2B environment. However, some adaption may be required during the application and implementation process. Study has indicated that marketing comprises the whole business; as a result, it includes top management, administration, production, finance and other functional departments. Marketing-oriented management signifies todays business environment. A company who recognises this phenomena would be able to swift its organisation to a more competitive edge; performing better than its competitor (Polese, 2004). It has been established earlier that basic marketing concepts and principles apply to both B2B and B2C business environment, only the application of the marketing strategy needs to be adapted accordingly. The objective of marketing is to identify and satisfy the needs and wants of targeted customers, better than the competitor. The targeted customers of B2B are the organisational buyers. Business marketer faces the same challenges of consumer marketer. However, there a few aspects of business market which are undoubtedly differ from consumer market (Baines, et al., 2008, p. 659). 6 It was found that organisations in USA, Argentina and New Zealand still uses the traditional four marketing mix as a general guide in their marketing practices. Although the new modern marketing concepts are included in their effort to reach out to targeted customers. Some countries may uses transaction marketing, or some may opt for network marketing. It shows that basic marketing concepts are applicable to both B2B and B2C (Pels, et al., 2004). In order to the understanding of business market, the marketer should be concerned about the buying process of the organisation. The organisational buying process has a few stages more than of consumer buying process. There are eight stages involved, please see figure 4 below. Understanding the difference between business market and consumer market is necessary. Lilien (1987) argued that B2B market is distinctive due to several reasons. The business market generally has few and larger buyers, i.e. the purchase quantity will be large. And the buyer is unable to take any risk of errors, because it may be part of the organisations cost saving strategy. The difference between consumer and business marketing were also documented by Simkin (2000). Simkin believed that business market is conventionally involves the business market structure and market demand; the nature of the buying unit within the organisation; and the type of decisions and the decision process involved (Kotler et al., 2001). Hakansson (et al., 1976) also characterise B2B companies as containing a lot of customers and require to be handled individually. 7 There is close relationship between supplier and customer. As argued by Gruen (1995), B2B marketing is motivated very much by relationship. From strategic aspect of business, it is more beneficial to the company to maintain its current customer, compared to attracting a new customer. The long term customer who is satisfy with the companys service may act as the ambassador to the company; spreading the goodwill of the company which may encourage new customers (Cann, 1998). A research into organisational buying behaviour done by Sheth (1996) has shown the organisation behaviour is changing from a transaction-centred to a relational-centred value. Adaptation is needed from the traditional marketing concepts. This is crucial in order to provide the right products and services to the targeted consumers (Hallen et al., 1991). Professional purchasing, this may consist of a team of procurement staff or a few business units. Multiple buying influences, whereby buying process is required to go through several formal and legal documentations and approval. Multiple sales calls; derived demand; inelastic demand; fluctuating demand; geographically concentrated buyers and direct purchasing. Although both business market and its buying process contrast dramatically from that of consumer market, the basic market concepts and principles is still applicable; which is meeting and satisfying customers needs. Only adaptation to the targeted organisational buyer may be needed. In summary, a special and unique sets of marketing concepts and principles is not necessary for B2B, only application process may be adapted. 8 List of References Baines, P., Fill, C. and Page, K., 2008, Marketing, Oxford University Press, New York. Cann, C.W., 2004 Eight Steps to Building a Business-to-business Relationship, Journal of Business Industrial Marketing, vol. 13, no. 4/5, 1998, pp. 393-405. Coviello, N.E. and Brodie, R.J., Contemporary Marketing Practices of Consumer and Business-to-business Firms: How Different Are They?, Journal of Business Industrial Marketing, vol. 16, no. 5, 2001, pp. 382-400. Elliot, G., Rundle-Thiele, S., Waller, D., Paladino, A., Pride, W. and Ferrell, O., 2008, Marketing: Core Concepts and Applications, 2nd Asia-Pacific edn, John Wiley Sons Australia Ltd., Queensland, Australia. Hallen, L., Johanson, J. and Seyed-Mohamed, N., 1991, Interfirm Adaptation in Business Relationships, Journal of Marketing, vol. 55, April, pp. 29-37, cited in Brennan, S., Turnbull, P.W. and Wilson, D.T., Dyadic Adaptation in Business-to-business Markets, European Journal of Marketing, vol. 37, no. 11/12, 2003, pp. 1636-1665. Hakansson, H., Johanson, J. and Wootz, B., 1976, Influence Tactics in Buyer-seller Processes, Industrial Marketing Management, vol. 5, December, pp. 319-32, cited in Reed, G., Story, V. and Saker, J., Business-to-business Marketing: What is Important to the Practitioner?, Marketing Intelligence Planning, vol. 22, no. 5, 2004, pp. 501-510. Jobber, D., 2007, Principles and Practice of Marketing, 5th edn, McGraw-Hill Education, London. Kotler, P., Armstrong, G., Saunders, S. and Wong, V., 2001, Principles of Marketing, 3rd edn, McGraw Hill, New York, NY, cited in Reed, G., Story, V. and Saker, J., Business-to-business Marketing: What is Important to the Practitioner?, Marketing Intelligence Planning, vol. 22, no. 5, 2004, pp. 501-510. Kotler, P., Ang, S.H., Leong, S.M. and Tan, C.T., 2003, Marketing Management an Asian Perspective, 3rd edn, Prentice Hall, Singapore. Kotler, P. and Keller, K.L., 2009, Marketing Management, 13th edn, Pearson Education Inc., New Jersey. 9 Lilien, G.L., 1987, Business Marketing: Present and Future, Industrial Marketing and Purchasing, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 3-21, cited in Coviello, N.E. and Brodie, R.J., Contemporary Marketing Practices of Consumer and Business-to-business Firms: How Different Are They?, Journal of Business Industrial Marketing, vol. 16, no. 5, 2001, pp. 382-400. Mathe, H. and Shapiro, R.D., 1993, Integrating Service Strategy in the Manufacturing Company, Chapman Hall, London, cited in Gebauer, H., Wang, C.Z., Beckenbauer, B. and Krempl, R., Business-to-business Marketing as a Key Factor for Increasing Service Revenue in China, Journal of Business Industrial Marketing, vol. 22, no. 2, 2007, pp. 126-137. McDaniel, C., Lamb, Jr., C.W. and Hair, Jr., J.F., 2006, Introduction to Marketing, 8th edn, Thomson South-Western, Ohio. Pels, J., Brodie, R. J. and Johnston, W.J., 2004, Benchmarking Business-to-business Marketing Practices in Emerging and Developed Economies: Argentina Compared to the USA and New Zealand, Journal of Business Industrial Marketing, vol. 19, no. 6, 2004, pp. 386-396. Polese, F., 2004, Lintegrazione Sistemica Degli Aggregate Reticolari di Impresa, CEDAM, Padova, cited in Gummesson, E. and Polese, F., B2B is Not An Island, Journal of Business Industrial Marketing, vol. 24, no. 5/6, 2009, pp. 337-350. Reed, G., Story, V. and Saker, J., Business-to-business Marketing: What is Important to the Practitioner?, Marketing Intelligence Planning, vol. 22, no. 5, 2004, pp. 501-510. Simkin, L., 2000, Marketing is Marketing Maybe!, Marketing Intelligence Planning, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 154-8, cited in Reed, G., Story, V. and Saker, J., Business-to-business Marketing: What is Important to the Practitioner?, Marketing Intelligence Planning, vol. 22, no. 5, 2004, pp. 501-510. Vrontis, D. and Vronti, P., 2004, Levi Strauss: An International Marketing Investigation, Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 389-98, cited in Levis Adaptable Standards, Strategic Direction, vol. 21, no.6, 2005, pp. 14-15. 10 11

Poverty In the Philippines Essay example -- Poverty Essays

Poverty In the Philippines The rich, the middle class, and the poor; are described by the way we live and the amount of money one has. There are many different ways of describing what poverty is, whether it is by how you live or how much money you have. What is poverty and what does it mean to be poor? Not many of us know the true meaning of these terms. Poverty is an issue dealt with throughout the world, but we are not all aware if its conditions. Poverty is a very serious problem around the world. Poverty is defined as the equality to poorness and impoverishment -- (the state of having little or no money and few or no material possessions). A question to ask ourselves is: â€Å"Should poverty be defined strictly in terms of monetary income, as opposed to some qualitative formula which takes into consideration styles of life as well as material possessions?† (Sheppard 13) Because there are so many different ways we can express the term poverty, maybe there should be a certain way we ca n determine poverty world wide? A person might look like they are poor or think that they are, but by definition they really are not even close. Every country has poverty levels that decide if they are poor or not. The Philippines is a country that deals with this issue on a daily basis. The Philippine islands are located in Southeastern Asia, between the Philippine Sea and the South China Sea, east of Vietnam. The country is made up of about 7000 islands, only 2000 of those islands are inhabited. The population of the country includes about 84,619,974 people. The people of this country are all very close to their families. They work together to make the income that their family needs to survive. Sometimes th... ... rest of my life. Works Cited American Poverty and Welfare Reform. 2002. Women's Policy Research. . Cruz, Maria C., et al. Population Growth, Poverty, and Environmental Stress: Frontier Migration in the Philippines and Costa Rica. N.p: World Resources Institute, 1992. 1-92. Sheppard, Harold L. Poverty and Wealth in America. Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1970. 3-279. Davis, Leonard. The Philippines People, Poverty and Politics. New York: St. Martins's P, 1987. 1-225. Philip M. Finnegan. Philippine Islands 2000. Catholic Encyclopedia. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12010a.htm The Real World Fact Book.Map. 1 August 2003. http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/rp.html Poverty In the Philippines Essay example -- Poverty Essays Poverty In the Philippines The rich, the middle class, and the poor; are described by the way we live and the amount of money one has. There are many different ways of describing what poverty is, whether it is by how you live or how much money you have. What is poverty and what does it mean to be poor? Not many of us know the true meaning of these terms. Poverty is an issue dealt with throughout the world, but we are not all aware if its conditions. Poverty is a very serious problem around the world. Poverty is defined as the equality to poorness and impoverishment -- (the state of having little or no money and few or no material possessions). A question to ask ourselves is: â€Å"Should poverty be defined strictly in terms of monetary income, as opposed to some qualitative formula which takes into consideration styles of life as well as material possessions?† (Sheppard 13) Because there are so many different ways we can express the term poverty, maybe there should be a certain way we ca n determine poverty world wide? A person might look like they are poor or think that they are, but by definition they really are not even close. Every country has poverty levels that decide if they are poor or not. The Philippines is a country that deals with this issue on a daily basis. The Philippine islands are located in Southeastern Asia, between the Philippine Sea and the South China Sea, east of Vietnam. The country is made up of about 7000 islands, only 2000 of those islands are inhabited. The population of the country includes about 84,619,974 people. The people of this country are all very close to their families. They work together to make the income that their family needs to survive. Sometimes th... ... rest of my life. Works Cited American Poverty and Welfare Reform. 2002. Women's Policy Research. . Cruz, Maria C., et al. Population Growth, Poverty, and Environmental Stress: Frontier Migration in the Philippines and Costa Rica. N.p: World Resources Institute, 1992. 1-92. Sheppard, Harold L. Poverty and Wealth in America. Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1970. 3-279. Davis, Leonard. The Philippines People, Poverty and Politics. New York: St. Martins's P, 1987. 1-225. Philip M. Finnegan. Philippine Islands 2000. Catholic Encyclopedia. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12010a.htm The Real World Fact Book.Map. 1 August 2003. http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/rp.html

Accounting Essay 7

At the end of 2011, retained earnings for the Bisk Company was $1,750. Revenue earned by the company in 2011 was $2,000, expenses paid during the period were $1,100, and dividends paid during the period were $500. Based on this information alone, retained earnings at the beginning of 2011 was [pic] |[pic] |$850. | |[pic][pic] |$1,350. | |[pic] |$4,000. | |[pic] |$2,150. | GAAP† stands for [pic] [pic] |Generally Authorized Auditing Principles | |[pic] |Government Authorized Accounting Procedures | |[pic] |Generally Applied Accounting Procedures | |[pic][pic] |Generally Accepted Accounting Principles | The total equity of Timberlake Company at the beginning of 2011 amounted to $3,500. During 2011 the company reported net income of $1,800 and paid a $500 dividend. If retained earnings at the end of 2011 is $2,200, what was beginning contributed capital? [pic] |[pic] |$2,100 | |[pic] |$3,100 | |[pic] |$400 | |[pic][pic] |$2,600 | Which of the following could represent the effects of an asset source transaction on a company's financial statements? |[pic] | [pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |[pic] |[pic] | |[pic][pic] |[pic] | |[pic] |[pic] | The Mason Company is a manufacturer of fine home furnishings. Which term best describes Mason's role in society? [pic] |[pic] |Regulatory Agency | |[pic][pic] |Conversion Agent | |[pic] |Consumer | |[pic] |Resource Owner | Which of the following could describe the effects of an asset exchange transaction on a company's financial statements? [pic] | [pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |[pic] |[pic] | |[pic][pic] |[pic] | |[pic] |[pic] | Which of the following groups has the primary responsibility for establishing generally accepted accounting principles for business entities in the United States? pic] |[pic] |U. S. Congress. | |[pic] |Internal Revenue Service. | |[pic][pic] |Financial Accounting Standards Board. | |[pic] |International Accounting Standards Board. | During 2011, Childress Company earned $800 of cash revenue, paid $400 of cash expenses, and paid a $200 cash dividend to its owners. Based on this information alone, [pic] |[pic] |net income amounted to $400. | |[pic] |total assets increased by $200. | |[pic][pic] |cash inflow from operating activi ties was $400. | |>[pic] |all of these are correct. Dividends paid by a company are shown on the [pic] |[pic] |income statement. | |[pic][pic] |statement of changes in stockholders' equity. | |[pic] |statement of cash flows. | |>[pic] |both b and c. | Asset use transactions always involve the payment of cash. [pic] |[pic][pic] |True | |>[pic] |False | The Sarbanes-Oxley Act includes several significant reforms that affect the auditing profession, but it did not reduce an audit firm's ability to provide non-audit services to its audit clients. [pic] |[pic] |True | [pic][pic] |False | Which of the following is not a common feature of ethical misconduct? [pic] |[pic] |The capacity to rationalize. | |[pic] |The presence of an opportunity. | |[pic] |The existence of pressure leading to an incentive. | |[pic][pic] |The existence of a strong system of internal controls. | After closing, only balance sheet accounts have non-zero balances. [pic] |[pic][pic] |True | |[pic] |False | After clos ing, only balance sheet accounts have non-zero balances. [pic] |[pic][pic] |True | [pic] |False | Policies and procedures designed to reduce the opportunities for fraud are often called: [pic] |[pic][pic] |internal controls | |[pic] |accounting principles | |[pic] |asset source transactions | |[pic] |financial systems | Aaronson Company experienced an accounting event that affected its financial statements as indicated below:   [pic] Which of the following accounting events could have caused these effects on ABC's statements? [pic] |[pic] |Recognized accrued salaries owed to employees. | |[pic][pic] |Earned revenue on account. | |[pic] |Issued common stock. | |[pic] |Purchased equipment on account. | The ethical standards for certified public accountants simply require that such accountants comply with applicable laws and regulations. [pic] [pic] |True | |[pic][pic] |False | Which of the following is not a component of the fraud triangle? [pic] |[pic] |Rationalization | |[pic] |Pressure | |[pic] |Opportunity | |[pic][pic] |Trust | The purpose of the accrual basis of accounting is to: [pic] |[pic] |Improve the company's earnings per share. | |[pic][pic] |Report revenue when received. | |>[pic] |Improve the matching of revenue and expense in the proper period. | |[pic] |Report expenses when cash disbursements are made. | A liability account normally has a debit balance. [pic] |[pic] |True | |[pic][pic] |False | The financial statement ratio that may be of greatest interest to a company's stockholders is the amount of its return on equity. pic] |[pic][pic] |True | |[pic] |False | A high value of the debt to asset ratio may indicate that a company has a high level of debt risk. [pic] |[pic][pic] |True | |[pic] |False | Which of the following errors would cause the debit side of a trial balance to be larger than the credit side? [pic] |[pic] |Revenue earned on account was recorded with a debit to Cash and a credit to Revenue. | |[pic] |Purchase of supplies on account was recorded with a credit to Supplies and a deb it to Accounts Payable. |[pic][pic] |Land purchased with cash was recorded with a debit to the Land account and a credit to Accounts Payable. | |>[pic] |None of these. | The Armstrong Corporation recorded a business event using T-accounts as follows:   [pic] Which of the following reflects how this event affects the company's financial statements? |[pic] | [pic] [pic][pic] |[pic] | |[pic] |[pic] | |[pic] |[pic] | |[pic] |[pic] | When a company receives cash in advance from a customer, it should debit Cash and credit Accounts Receivable. [pic] |[pic] |True | |[pic][pic] |False | The left side of a T-account is known as the: [pic] [pic] |Claims side | |[pic][pic] |Debit side | |[pic] |Credit side | |[pic] |Equity side | Debits decrease asset accounts. [pic] |[pic] |True | |[pic][pic] |False | Double entry accounting requires that every entry must include at least one debit and at least one credit. pic] |[pic][pic] |True | |[pic] |False | KMR Company provided repair service of $2,800 to a customer who paid $1,300 and promised to pay the remainder next month. Which of the following journal entries correctly records this transaction? [pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |[pic][pic] |[pic] | |[pic] |[pic] | |[pic] |[pic] |

Irish

Irish BY nckyb23 Irish Influencing America Ways The Irish traditions influence many things in American that we Americans really barely even realize The annual celebration of Saint Patrick's Day is a generally known as a sign of the Irish existence in America. One of the largest celebrations of the Irish holiday takes place in New York, where the annual St. Patrick's Day Parade draws anywhere to two million people. The second-largest celebration is held in Boston at the South Boston Parade. It's one the nation's oldest dating back to 1737. On day like St.Patrick's Day Irish music is played everywhere the same Irish song that date back o the 1700s Irish traditional music in the United States has its own history, both in recording culture and by live performances. Emigrants from Ireland brought their instruments and traditions to the United States since the earliest days of European colonization of the New World. The learning and playing of Irish music by first and second generation Iri sh-Americans helped the spread of Irish music. And then yet another is the widespread interest in the music.In the 1890s, Irish music entered a â€Å"golden age† centered on the lively scene in New York City. Though the golden age nded by the Great Depression, the 1950s saw a highpoint of Irish music, added by the foundation of the City Center Ballroom in New York where Irish gatherings are held. In the Depression and World War, Irish traditional music in New York was belittled by showband culture. Performers like Jack Coen, Paddy O'Brien, Larry Redican, and Paddy Reynolds kept the tradition alive in the United States, and were teachers of the music to Irish Americans.Many of the great Irish American performers like Andy McGann, Brian Conway, Joannie Madden, Jerry O'Sullivan, Liz Carroll and Billy McComiskey would achieve many accomplishments in the traditional usic usually associated with native Irish. Later Irish emigration to New York and beyond by James Keane, Mick Molone y, Paddy Keenan, and others through the 1960s, 1970s and 80s, ensured the music performed in America stayed The Irish music was such a big influence that it had people making collections like Francis O'Neill.He was a Chicago police chief who collected the single largest collection of Irish traditional music ever published. He was a flautist and piper who was part of a vibrant Irish community in Chicago at the time, one that included some forty thousand people, ncluding musicians from â€Å"all thirty-two counties of Ireland†, according to Nicholas Carolan, who referred to O'Neill as â€Å"the greatest individual influence on the evolution of Irish traditional dance music in the twentieth century† connected to Ireland.The Irish population didn't only Just influence Americans to like there music they also had their influence in other positions in society. The Boston Celtics is a prime example of this. Many Irish immigrants came to Boston, New York, and Philadelphia ports on ships from Ireland. By the time the Boston Celtics basketball team started, Boston had a large Irish ethnic population. Celtic is another name for Irish, and these names are used often. Today Boston has the largest Irish population of any American city.The person who chose the name had an Irish friend named McHugh and decided to name the team Celtics. The Irish are known for green, and the Celtics uniforms are green. You can't say Irish in American without pub behind it A pub is very important to the Irish people. It's where they could sit back, relax, enjoy a few good stories, and share a goodtime with others. American-Irish people have made Pubs very popular simply for the aspect of the alcohol and traditional sing alongs. The two aspects have attracted more than Just Irish people.Folks of all ethnicities go to Irish pubs for a drink and have a good time. As you can see Irish Americans have been in America changing culture for many years and for those many year contributed to U. S. culture in a wide variety of fields: I only explained a few that really interest myself the most but they have influenced many other Aspects of Untied States culture like the fine and performing arts, film, literature, politics, and religion. Irish people have done a great deal of influencing American culture.

My Angel Essay Example

My Angel Essay Example My Angel Essay My Angel Essay Jazzamine NewtonJanuary 27, 2014Angel of Mineâ€Å"HOWARD CALL 911 HE IS NOT BREATHING†! â€Å"911 what is your emergency? Yes I need an ambulance my son is not breathing! This day changed my life forever. On January 22, 2012 was like any other Sunday. Good Morning or should I say Good Afternoon. I woke up at around 12 noon to the sound of laughter and a loud Po from the cartoon Kung Fu Panda on Nickelodeon. â€Å"Good Morning† I said as I kissed my boys on the forehead. Making my way to the kitchen to start my Sunday dinner, I asked my husband â€Å"have you feed the boy’s breakfast yet†? He says yes. Not knowing that breakfast consist of sugar, sugar, sugar and more sugar. There was fruit loops and milk scattered all over the counters and the floor. As I started to clean the kitchen I shouted to the boys â€Å"Nap Time†. Crying and stomping up the stairs Is what I heard as they went to their room. Once my steamy hot, Palmolive smelling dish water was ready I turned it off and went upstairs to calm them down by bribing them with fruit snacks if they take their nap now. When that didn’t work I called my husband. When my husband come he assures what I said and then leaves the room. Down the hall in my bed room I start to sort clothes to begin a load while I was up here. As I am sorting out clothes on the floor I hear squeaky sound of the wood floor boards on the stairs. What happens next is nothing words can’t express. He walks in the room to my youngest son Noah still crying standing by the wall and my oldest son Jadan on the bed. But the way he looked on the bed was something out of a movie. His body lying stiff as a board with his head tilted back and his hands balled up tight with the sound of an eerie ahhhhhhhh coming out of his mouth. My husband grabs him and tries to wake him up when he didn’t get a response he calls me. â€Å"JAZZAMINE† he shouted. The way he called me was with the sense you need to get in here now. I get up off the floor and run into the boy’s room to see my

Charlotte Perkins Gilman Quotes

Charlotte Perkins Gilman Quotes Charlotte Perkins Gilman wrote in a variety of genres, including The Yellow Wallpaper, a short story highlighting the rest cure for women in the 19th century; Woman and Economics, a sociological analysis of womens place; and Herland , a feminist utopia novel. Charlotte Perkins Gilman wrote in favor of equality between men and women. Selected Charlotte Perkins Gilman Quotations And woman should stand beside man as the comrade of his soul, not the servant of his body. In New York City, everyone is an exile, none more so than the Americans. It is not that women are really smaller-minded, weaker-minded, more timid and vacillating, but that whosoever, man or woman, lives always in a small, dark place, is always guarded, protected, directed and restrained, will become inevitably narrowed and weakened by it. The woman is narrowed by the home and the man is narrowed by the woman. It is the duty of youth to bring fresh new powers to bear on Social progress. Each generation of young people should be to the world like a vast reserve force to a tired army. They should life the world forward. That is what they are for. To swallow and follow, whether old doctrine or new propaganda, is a weakness still dominating the human mind. Until mothers earn their livings, women will not. So when the great word Mother! rang once more,I saw at last its meaning and its place;Not the blind passion of the brooding past,But Mother the Worlds Mother come at last,To love as she had never loved before To feed and guard and teach the human race. There is no female mind. The brain is not an organ of sex. Might as well speak of a female liver. The mother poor invaded soul finds even the bathroom door no bar to hammering little hands. The first duty of a human being is to assume the right relationship to society more briefly, to find your real job, and do it. Love grows by service. But reason has no power against feeling, and feeling older than history is no light matter. To be surrounded by beautiful things has much influence upon the human creature: to make beautiful things has more. We have built into the constitution of the human race the habit and desire of taking, as divorced from its natural precursor and comcomitant of making. The women who do the most work get the least money, and the women who have the most money do the least work. There should be an end to the bitterness of feeling which has arisen between the sexes in this century. Eternity is not something that begins after you are dead. It is going on all the time. It will be a great thing for the human soul when it finally stops worshiping backwards. Two persons love in one another the future good which they aid one another to unfold. In our steady insistence on proclaiming sex-distinction we have grown to consider most human attributes as masculine attributes, for the simple reason that they were allowed for men and forbidden to women. George Sand smokes, wears male attire, wishes to be addressed as Mon frà ¨re; perhaps, if she found those who were as brothers indeed, she would not care whether she were a brother or sister. Habits of thought persist through the centuries; and while a healthy brain may reject the doctrine it no longer believes, it will continue to feel the same sentiments formerly associated with that doctrine. The softest, freest, most pliable and changeful living substance is the brain the hardest and most iron-bound as well. Death? Why this fuss about death. Use your imagination, try to visualize a world without death! . . . Death is the essential condition of life, not an evil. When one is assured of unavoidable and imminent death, it is the simplest of human rights to choose a quick and easy death in place of a slow and horrible one. Related Resources for Charlotte Perkins Gilman Charlotte Perkins Gilman PoemsThe Yellow Wallpaper - text About These Quotes Quote collection assembled by Jone Johnson Lewis. Each quotation page in this collection and the entire collection  © Jone Johnson Lewis. This is an informal collection assembled over many years. I regret that I am not be able to provide the original source if it is not listed with the quote.

Bayeux Tapestry

Deceitfulness could creep in, should I deny that I look forward to the conclusion of your project and your safe return home. The children and I miss you. Oh yeah, Vanilla (white Persian cat) misses you also. In the mean time, I have something exciting to share. Last night I encountered an informative dream that positioned me in the medieval era. In my dream I had the pleasure of examining the Bayeux Tapestry and those closely related. First, please know that the Bayeux Tapestry is not really tapestry but a combination of linen pieces, embroidery with wool thread, to create a larger cloth. According to Sayre (2012) the cloth measures 20 inches tall and 231 feet wide with a unique twist that illustrates historical military events outlining the Battle of Hastings and the Norman Conquest. Latin is the primary language encrypted around and about this masterpiece. Baby, I tell you this was a long, long time ago, all the way back to approximately 1066 and I have never experiences anything close to this scenery. The people’s clothing of that century was relatively unusual in comparison of today and oh my goodness, the weapons were not AK47 assault rifles, shot-guns or any hand-held guns. Neither was it a bang, bang, shoot-em up style fighting. Yet this work of art captures the infamous Battle of Hastings and elements including humans, animals, scenes of nature, ships, and of course buildings. Throughout this dream, people conversed suggesting how beautiful yet informative; resembling a comic strip and eventually many referenced it as the British comic strip (Keye and Garber, 2011). Give me a minute and I will explain it all. Now and then, this work of art remains a topic of discussion. It portrays an important battle that withheld the test to time. As I remember the dream, these are the facts surrounding the Battle of Hastings. Most people thought Harold Godwinson would become King following the death of Edward the Confessor , reigning King. Unbelievable, there were two (2) others, Harald Hardrada and Duke William II, that claimed the thorn; consequently, two (2) invasions; one being the Vikings; yet another being the Normans. Whether it was by blood or marriage, oddly each believed their justification represented the overall perceptive as whey they should be king; off to war it was. In September 1066, the King of Norway, Harald Hardrada, invaded first; however, after strategically planning his combat, King Harold II defeated Hardrada. Needless to say, shortly thereafter on September 28, 1066, the second Battle of Hastings began. Duke William II led the Norman invasion. Crowned king for a short period, King Harold II led the English. Just imagine; both leaders were the â€Å"II†. In the pursuit of power and a quest to increase territory, Duke William II believed, with the help of Italy, he could over through the English. Unlike today, walking or horseback served as the means of transportation. The Normans out powered the English and you know it, they lost because their primary source of transportation was by foot. On December 25, 1066 Duke William II became King of England. This will be the last time that the English loses in battle (Berry, 2010). Although the Bayeux Tapestry is a linen fabric, many consider it a valuable document because it illustrates a major historical event. This masterpiece of art depicts a series of scenes from the first point of invasion through Duke William II becoming King. The art work consists of 623 individuals, namely men. You know what they thought of us omen; some believe that only three (3) encircled the men. Apparently the artist loved animals because they stitched over 200 horses, 50 dogs and 500 birds along with other animals to reveal the story. Oh, I forgot to tell you that it is not certain who conducted the work; however, many believe that King William’s wife was instrumental in the project. Regardless, seamstress took extreme care in the selection of an array of colors, including variations of blues, greens, tan, yellow and beige (Keye and Garber, 2011). Astonishingly, after over 940 years the Bayeux Tapestry remains in remarkable conditions. Berry (2010) suggests that it endured numerous threats and shifted to different holdings to avoid destruction. For example, in 1792 the French Revolution posed the Bayeux Tapestry first threat and again in 1794. The invasion of England in 1803 imposed another threat; however, Napoleon Bonaparte, a brilliant military leader, recognized the unstated value of the cloth and quickly demanded shelter for its safekeeping. World War II posed as the final threat. People learned of the unmentionable value, townships became proactive and endured risking their life for its return. After a brief stay in Paris, in 1945 the Bayeux Tapestry returned to its final home Bayeux, France. The Bayeux Tapestry, a work of art, is an important source of information because it identifies the popular clothing design. The decorating style reflects the handmade work including styles for both men and women. Unlike today fashion, men’s clothing resembled a lady’s dress with a hemline just above the knee. Socks leveled the knee with an affixed tassel. Robbed in custom made cloaks and capes that drape the body, men’s fashion marked a powerful statement. Designed differently quickly identified position, kings, lords, nobles, knights and peasants. Nonetheless, clothing was warm and comfortable and always suited for battle. It appears the fashion design switched because currently lady’s garments resemble the men of the medieval era. Yet during that period, lady’s gothic robes swept the floor surrounded with a matching scarf and cape. The chosen cloth, whether for men or women, usually radiant in color, portrayed the crafty work prepared by selected seamstress (Bednarz, Miyares, Schug, amp; White, 2006). My love, words are too vague to put into picture the beauty of these incredible clothing. Just like the clothing, the characteristics of military during the Battle of Hastings, differed from current warfare. Soldiers dressed in heavy attire such as chains, helmets, and plated armor. This warfare excluded guns such as AK47 assault rifles and shot-guns; after all, these inventions waited discovery. Even gun power evaded battle as it too had not surfaced the scene. (Bednarz et al, (2006) found that soldiers exercise care when using axes, bows, daggers, knives, and swords that displayed crafty skills. Some of these weapons reminded you of the Musketeers as seen on television. Additionally, no tanks or motor vehicles dominated the conflict. Military used horses or foot soldiers to maneuver the terrain to conquer in battle Now after a review at all that transpired, let me share my opinion. The Bayeux Tapestry demonstrated disarmament yet unity. Both King Harold II and Duke William II engaged in actions to reduce the English supply of manpower and weapon to achieve power which paints the disarmament. The political system did not symbolize a hierarchy or central government. Sometimes the less powerful acquired land in return for military favors thus obtaining influence beyond measure. As a result, many revolved to the Roman Catholic Church or military leaders for guidance. Imagine me as the authoritative leader. I would have entered into battle just as King Harold II and Duke William II. After all each presented justification for their action. I too find is necessary to fight for what I believe is rightfully mine. Trust me, should the occasion arise, I will fight to the bitter end to defend us. Additionally the Bayeux Tapestry expresses unity. Seamstress harmonized while working converting a simple cloth into a living document. Eventually life improved, incomes increased and with these changes, individuals became less dependent on church or military. Just as today, individual moved to larger townships or established new ones resulting in a modern society. Well Tyren, it is late, I finished this homework assignment and now I am retiring to bed; pleasant dreams. Love you. Sincerely yours, Tanika Ross Loving Wife References Bednarz, S. W, Miyares, I. M. , Schug, M. C. , amp; White, C. S. (2006),

Describe three economic issues concerning President Obama's Health Research Paper

Describe three economic issues concerning President Obama's Health Care Plan - Research Paper Example The first source is directly from the White House and considers the economic benefits of President Barack Obama’s health care plan. As it is directly related to the President it is undoubtedly slanted; however, it also is important in that it directly reflects the White House perspective on the economics of health care reform. The White House argues that the health care plan will make health care more affordable for Americans. It argues this will occur since the health care plan will provide significant tax cuts for middle class Americans. These tax cuts are intended to reduce the premium costs of over ten million families, as well as millions of small businesses. In all, the article argues that this helps, â€Å"32 million Americans afford health care who do not get it today – and makes coverage more affordable for many more. Under the plan, 95% of Americans will be insured.† (White House, Web) In addition to the specified benefits, the White House argues that there are a number of other benefits that can be derived from the recently passed health care bill. The arguments are that the health care reform bill will establish a competitive environment among health insurance companies that will further reduce costs and improve quality of service. In addition it is intended to give many Americans the same quality of service that many members of Congress have. It is also intended to bring more accountability to health insurance companies, as the rules will require more transparency and accountability. Furthermore, it notes – and this indeed is one of the major issues that concerns the economic status of Obama’s motivation for health care reform – namely that individuals with pre-existing conditions can no longer be denied health care coverage. Finally, the site argues that this reform will set the country on the right path for economic success. While

Is Wal-mart a net asset or a net liability to U.S. workers Research Paper

Is Wal-mart a net asset or a net liability to U.S. workers - Research Paper Example Other businesses in this part, for example Target, have identified the alterations in gas charges to double-check clients that their charges will be even better. Wal-Mart did the identical thing by supplying value services and discounts (Luce 2005 187-204). This submission is an equitably balanced even offer as well. Because the 2006 report was high, it entails that Wal-Mart had powerful sales, on the other hand, the percentage is even higher for 2007 propose that sales this year were even better, which stops too much supply left. Wal-Mart is founded in part on the obligation to assist run their every day sales. Analyzing the liability they use, it was advised more of liability utilized in 2007 in evaluation with 2006. Total liability in 2006 was 1,592 in evaluation with $ 2.007 billion in 2007. Debt ratio for 2007 was 30% in evaluation to 25%. It does not notify us too much on liability administration in esteem of each year. Increased from 5%, which notifies us that there is a requi rement for more liability, but not seriously? This displays that, in evaluation with 2006, the business has stayed steady in periods of assets relation to liability, and assets have expanded as well (Preinreich 2008 219-241). This may be rather deceptive, since the liability has expanded from less than $ 500 million. Since this business does well, it is conspicuous that this number should extend to drop, suggests that the business does well. Since lenders address these accounts to glimpse if the business will manage good agreements on their borrowings and bonds, it is imperative that Wal-Mart extends to convey those figures down. Reports and numbers to assess the total snare earnings of Wal-Mart were so straightforward to work out because of the advantages before, in 2007 in evaluation with 2006. Net earnings margin was 0,057 to 1 in 2007, as snare earnings of $ 2,016,000, while total incomes amounted to 35.214 million. Net margin ratio in 2006 was 0,055 to 1. This connection is sig nificant for investors because it displays how much earnings is made for $ 1 of income. As the earnings was good in 2006, it is conspicuous that the earnings was established earnings was affirmative, in detail, there are considerable profits. ROI was furthermore affirmative in 2007 due to snare income. Return on assets was 0.30 to 1 in 2007, in evaluation with 0.33 to 1 in 2006. ROI is utilized to display how to organize Wal-Mart to develop income. It is conspicuous that in 2007, this work has been finished a little better than in 2006. For investors, it is significant to understand how the administration business does, and it is conspicuous that the authority of Wal-Mart desire to save what they manage, because it devotes you a very good profit. Return on equity Wal-Mart is furthermore a bit better. In 2007, come back on equity was contradictory in 30% in evaluation with come back on equity for 2006 was 28%. For evaluation, in 2007 was much better than in 2006 due to snare income. This evaluation displays that in 2007; shareholders obtained a decent allowance of come back on their investments for the year 2006 shareholders, who have won, but not as much as in 2007. In supplement, a powerful sign that even in 2006, investors extend to invest in this business in 2006 (Fishman 2006 45-69). Currently, the cost per share

The role of quantitative easing in distorting equity markets leading Research Paper

The role of quantitative easing in distorting equity markets leading to a distortion in the labor market - Research Paper Example The governments in these countries have been actively taking policy measures, such as quantitative easing and easy monetary policies to boost up the economies and increase level of economic performance. Table of Contents Table of Contents 3 Central Bank Tools Discussion 5 Recent Recession and its effects 8 Equity Markets Bubble in Banking Sector 9 Compare QEs in US, EU and Japan 10 Effects on the Labour Markets 11 Conclusion 12 Works cited 13 Name of the Student Name of the Professor Course Number Date The role of quantitative easing in distorting equity markets leading to a distortion in the labour market Recessionary background The financial crisis that had hit the America and the European Union in the 2008 has come to an end in the 2009, according to economists. However, the effects of crisis have been lingering around for the last four years. The financial crisis had ruptured the financial system and has consequently affected the entire global economy. As the financial drought ha s neared its end in the year 2009, think tanks consisting of economist and politicians from around the world have been investigating the root cause of global crisis. The actual reason has yet remained a debatable discussion. However, near consensus has been reached on one factor that has led to the financial breakdown; high default rate on the subprime mortgages. In the Europe, high liquidity had led to high level of risky transactions in the real estate market. Loans were provided at low rates of interest and without accepting fair amounts of security. Some of the large financial institutions that were affected the most in this scenario were, Lehman Brothers, Bear Sterns and Northern Rock (Weisberg, â€Å"What Caused the Economic Crisis?†). This financial down turn had caused economic activities to slowdown in the Europe and the United States. This has been the primary reason behind the global recession in the first decade of the twenty first century. The effect of the finan cial crisis has been an elongated one. The extent upto which the effect of recession in the European Union is being experienced is a longer period of time than the actual period of time for which the financial break down had occurred in these countries (Arcega, â€Å"European Recession Now Longer than 2008 Financial Crisis†). The countries in Europe are still striving to recover from the after effects of the crisis. Out of the seventeen nations that follow the common currency, Euro, nine countries are in the state of recession in 2013. While in general recession lasts for four quarters in a financial year, this recession is lasting for more than six quarters. Central Bank Tools Discussion In general, the central banks raise lending activity indirectly by cutting the rate of interest. Lower interest rate encourages investors to make higher levels of investment. People are also induced to spend more. But when rates of interest come close to zero, the central bank cannot further lower the interest rate (â€Å"What Is Quantitative Easing?†). It has the last option of directly injecting higher amount of money in the economy. The central bank can do this by purchasing assets (usually in the form of government bonds). This raises the level of money supply in the economy. The financial crisis

Does the rise of China represent a threat to U.S. national security Essay

Does the rise of China represent a threat to U.S. national security - Essay Example This continual rise in the global power of China is likely to represent a threat to U.S national security as the country tries to replace U.S as the world’s most powerful nation. Since the end of world war and more specifically in the last thirty years, China has recorded a tremendous growth in the size of its economy. The Chinese economy has been growing at a rate of 10%, which is three times to the global average, and as a result, it has grown to be the world’s second largest economy (Randau & Medinskaya 2015, p.15). In addition, it has claimed the top spot in various economic fields and it is actually revolutionizing the norm of the global economic sector. Since 2009 China displaced Germany as the world’s biggest exporter and it has maintained the position ever since. More automobiles are now being made in China than in any other country and at the same time, the economy has the largest market for new cars worldwide. Its automobiles sales have increased tremendously in the last five years and hence it has completely displaced U.S in the field of making and buying of automobiles. China has also grown to become the largest user of energy globally and actually its energy consumption rate is believed to have increased by more than a hundred percent in the last decade (Hinrichs & Kleinbach 2012, p.15).Majority of this huge demand comes from the manufacturing sector of the country which has largely increased and diversified its operations. Additionally because the standards of living of the people have improved, their energy consumption has also increased since they are able to purchase a wide variety of domestic appliances. All these among other factors have contributed to the high rate of Chinese economy and projections show that the growth of the country economically is likely to continue increasing in the forthcoming years. It has actually been predicted that by 2020, China will be the largest economy in all spheres and U.S is likely to

Procurement Routes in the Construction Industry Assignment

Procurement Routes in the Construction Industry - Assignment Example This process follows a number of steps but depending on the urgency of the required goods or services, some organizations may choose to make their procurement routes less lengthy and less tedious. Conventionally, procurement entails everything that is done within the complete acquisition of goods and services i.e. from preparation and dispensation of a requisition form through to the receipt of goods or services and the approval of the invoice for payment (White, 1996: pp. 242-3). Procurement often follows ten major steps: planning for purchase of goods or services, determination of the specific standards desired in the goods and services, development of finer specifications on the goods and services, doing extensive research on possible suppliers and selecting one supplier, conducting value analysis, determining the financing of the purchase e.g. whether to take a loan or use money in the company's bank account, negotiating the price, making the purchase, administration of the supply contract, controlling inventories and stores to guard against diversion and finally, the eventual disposals if any. Generally, the process is lengthy because of need for quality goods and/or services from competitive suppliers at competitive prices. The rules governing the process need to be followed strictly because the process o procurement has been identified as the key and major gateway for embezzlement and misappropriation of company funds and other corrupt deals. Each industry has its own procurement regulations and the whole process of procurement is structured to fit the nature of the industry's operations. For example, if an industry requires goods and services to be delivered urgently, then the process is likely to be made short. Taking the construction industry as our working example, this paper seeks to highlight the process of procurement in this industry with special emphasis on the particular types of procurement routes in the construction industry. The construction industry deals with the provision of a number of goods and services. It deals with the building of new structures such as schools, churches, factories, apartments, houses, offices, factories, roads and even bridges. Apart from building of the aforementioned structures, the industry also engages in preparation of the building or construction site, modification and annexing of existing structures and the maintenance and repair of the already existing structures. Therefore, the constructors are usually contracted to carry out any of the activities. The contract may involve the design alone, the design and building or even the management of the construction process carried out by other constructors. The way of contracting these constructors to carry out any of the services may be termed as routes of procurement. There are three main routes of procurement: Traditional Procurement also called conventional procurement, Design and Build Procurement and Management Procurement . Traditional Procurement also called conventional procurement is a very common procurement route for most small and medium sized projects such as the construction of a school. The client in this kind of procurement route first contracts consultant(s). The consultant(s) design and lay down all the exact specifications on how the construction is supposed to be carried out. After the consultants have completed their job, the client then proceeds to contract a

AN EXAMINATION OF THE EXTENT TO WHICH IMMIGRATION AND ETHNIC RELIGIOUS Essay

AN EXAMINATION OF THE EXTENT TO WHICH IMMIGRATION AND ETHNIC RELIGIOUS PLURALISM THREATENS THE WELFARE - Essay Example As briefly indicated in the above, ethnic and religious plurality constitute a potential threat to the very notion of the welfare state and its associate welfare citizenship. Plurality, implying conflict and difference, is antithetical to the very principles upon which the welfare state is predicated; the principles of shared identity, commonality and homogeneity. Even while conceding to the reality of the stated threat, however, this research will posit the claim that the management of plurality through multiculturalism has the potential to control and limit this threat. Understanding the extent to which ethnic plurality and religious diversity can function as a threat to the welfare state, is predicated on an appreciation of the implications of nation-hood and the social citizenry to which it gave rise. If the idea of the nation was invented, imported, and implemented by elites, it had also to appeal to the rest of the population who had not known dignity before the age of nationalism. Weber observes that "the idea of the nation for its advocates stands in very intimate relation to [their] prestige interests" (Weber 1978: 9251530). While the dominant political strata, such as feudal lords, modern officers, and bureaucrats are the primary exponents of a desire for the political power of the state, since "power for their political community means [political, economic, and social] power for themselves" (Weber 1978: 911/520), it is those who appropriate leadership in a community of culture, the "carriers of culture." who promote the idea of a nation (W eber 1978: 9261530). These are, for Weber, primarily intellectuals, but also artists, editors, authors, journalists, etc. (Weber 1946a: 1791485). While, originally, the "masses" had little to gain and little to lose within the political project of the state, or within the "cultural" mission of the nation (Weber 1978: 9211527, 9251530), they can increasingly identify with the nation-state's prestige due to the "democratization of state, society and culture" (Weber 1946: 1781485). The implication here is that the nation emerged as an imagined entity but attained concrete reality because of a shared social identity, a common culture which, in turn, gave rise to shared historical memories and heritage. In other words, the state is inherently founded upon shared social identity and it is the latter which gave rise to the nation, and not vice-versa. Within the context of the stated, the nation may very well be an imagined entity but it, nonetheless, bestows identity upon its populace (Gre enfield, 1992). Citizenship derives from the nation which, in turn, emerged as a direct outcome of

Procurement Routes in the Construction Industry Assignment

Procurement Routes in the Construction Industry - Assignment Example This process follows a number of steps but depending on the urgency of the required goods or services, some organizations may choose to make their procurement routes less lengthy and less tedious. Conventionally, procurement entails everything that is done within the complete acquisition of goods and services i.e. from preparation and dispensation of a requisition form through to the receipt of goods or services and the approval of the invoice for payment (White, 1996: pp. 242-3). Procurement often follows ten major steps: planning for purchase of goods or services, determination of the specific standards desired in the goods and services, development of finer specifications on the goods and services, doing extensive research on possible suppliers and selecting one supplier, conducting value analysis, determining the financing of the purchase e.g. whether to take a loan or use money in the company's bank account, negotiating the price, making the purchase, administration of the supply contract, controlling inventories and stores to guard against diversion and finally, the eventual disposals if any. Generally, the process is lengthy because of need for quality goods and/or services from competitive suppliers at competitive prices. The rules governing the process need to be followed strictly because the process o procurement has been identified as the key and major gateway for embezzlement and misappropriation of company funds and other corrupt deals. Each industry has its own procurement regulations and the whole process of procurement is structured to fit the nature of the industry's operations. For example, if an industry requires goods and services to be delivered urgently, then the process is likely to be made short. Taking the construction industry as our working example, this paper seeks to highlight the process of procurement in this industry with special emphasis on the particular types of procurement routes in the construction industry. The construction industry deals with the provision of a number of goods and services. It deals with the building of new structures such as schools, churches, factories, apartments, houses, offices, factories, roads and even bridges. Apart from building of the aforementioned structures, the industry also engages in preparation of the building or construction site, modification and annexing of existing structures and the maintenance and repair of the already existing structures. Therefore, the constructors are usually contracted to carry out any of the activities. The contract may involve the design alone, the design and building or even the management of the construction process carried out by other constructors. The way of contracting these constructors to carry out any of the services may be termed as routes of procurement. There are three main routes of procurement: Traditional Procurement also called conventional procurement, Design and Build Procurement and Management Procurement . Traditional Procurement also called conventional procurement is a very common procurement route for most small and medium sized projects such as the construction of a school. The client in this kind of procurement route first contracts consultant(s). The consultant(s) design and lay down all the exact specifications on how the construction is supposed to be carried out. After the consultants have completed their job, the client then proceeds to contract a

Responsibilities of sports engineers Essay Example for Free

Responsibilities of sports engineers Essay Sports is something that attracts every person in this world towards itself. Sports has become a very common field that everybody has interested in. People are gaining more and more interest in different sports from all over the world. And that is why sports engineering is gaining significance and recognition. It is a special field of engineering, which involves everything from the development to the testing of the different sports equipment. The discipline includes numerous activities and everything related to sports and sports equipment. The sports engineers have several responsibilities that are discussed here at length. The very first responsibility of a sports engineer is the designing of the sports equipment. With the development of different sports and an increase in their popularity, people are eager to make use of the best of the sports equipment. And this is where the sports engineers can contribute by developing new equipment that would help the athletes perform better. Sports engineers are also responsible for carrying out a complete lab and experimental testing of the sports equipment, athletes and the interaction between them. This is one of the most important parts of the job of a sports engineer because it is not possible to make use of anything without testing the equipment and the nature of interactions the users would have with the equipment. The sports engineers not only carry out laboratory testing but are also required to test the performance of the athletes and different devices in the field, i. e. the environment of the sports. Field testing needs to be completely accurate so that there is no scope of mistakes and the athletes are prepared to use their equipment in the real conditions and situations. Computational modeling has been used only for scientific purposes till now. Computational modeling approach is usually employed in physics and other scientific applications, whether it is fluid dynamics or any other experiment. Sports engineers are also making use of this technique and approach for determining the forces acting upon the working of the equipment and for stimulating its working before actually developing them. Sports engineers also need to continuously work with the different government bodies and the authorities for making sure that the rules are adhered to and everything is carried out within the pre-defined guidelines. Sports engineers also have to work with the athletes to regularly keep a track and improve the performance of the different athletes in different fields. They need to find out new ways and measures for enhancing the performance of the sportsmen. Thus, we see that sports engineers are extremely important people and they need to carry out all of their responsibilities sincerely for the development of different sports and for the betterment of the athletes. Reference link: http://classof1. com/homework-help/engineering-homework-help.

Nationalist Movement Of The Belgian Congo

Nationalist Movement Of The Belgian Congo Belgian Congo represents todays Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The country got her first name, Belgian Congo, from her colonizer, Belgium, which was headed by Ling Leopold II. This event took place in November 15, 1908. Belgium Congo remained under the Belgians rule till June 30, 1960 when she gained her independence (Absolute Astronomy, par. 1).This paper is aimed at digging deeply into the events that took place in the Belgian Congo under Leopold IIs rule which eventually led to the formation of the Nationalist Movement of the Belgian Congo. Overview Belgiums control over Congo dates back to 1885 when King Leopold II used the help of Henry Morton Stanley who was an explorer to fulfill this interest. No other European monarch had expressed interest in Congo and this made Leopold II the first one. Among the things that attracted him to Congo included slave trade, rubber and minerals for which he made a gold mine. Congo remained under his control until 1908 when the Belgian government took over. Belgian remained powerful over Congo for 52 years until she got her independence in 1960. Patrice Lumumba made a great impact in Congos history as he headed Congos first nationalist party. When Congo gained her independence, Lumumba was appointed Prime Minister. In the same breath, two provinces which were rich in resources pulled out due to regional conflicts. Military struggles were rampant in Congo at the time and Joseph Mobutu who was an army chief betrayed Lumumba. Lumumba was seen as a threat and this led to his kidnap and eventual mur der in 1961. Those involved in his murder included foreign emissaries (Greenholt, par. 1). King Leopold IIs rule Leopold II ruled with an iron hand and he fought hard to control this very profitable nation. He was the sole executive chairman and shareholder of the Belgian Congo. He was making huge money from sales of copper, rubber among other minerals not forgetting that he had capitalized on the lucrative slave trade which was prominent in many parts of the world. Under Leopold IIs rule, the natives were subjected to brutal mistreatment. The natural resources were also plundered and thus benefited very few people. International scandals were also on the rise. In 1903, 122 Congolese natives were brutally murdered during a rubber collecting mission (Ankomah, par. 1). This event brought about unrest and Roger Casement of the British Consul filed a report that victimized white officials under Leopold II. This report was taken seriously and the perpetrators of this heinous crime were thoroughly punished upon arrest. The report filed by Roger Casement went ahead to pin point the leading causes of depopulation in Leopold IIs era. These he listed as indiscriminate war, tropical diseases, starvation and a reduced number of births. Some of these conditions were dehumanizing and this led to their exposure to the world. This was done by the United States and Europeans press. Leopolds rule came under much pressure from diplomats and the general public. This led to an end of his rule and Congo was now considered as a Belgiums colony (Ankomah). Life in Congo after Leopold IIs rule After king Leopolds rule hit a snag, the Belgium government took over power. This led to reformation of Leopolds shortcomings and the situation improved. This new government came with its recommendations which were geared at giving the Congolese natives a better life. On 18th October, 1908, a Colonial Charter was put in place and its Article 3 clearly stated that forced labor would no longer be exercised. This harmony brought about increased production in cotton and palm oil which increased the revenue. An education system was installed and the natives were even taught native languages like Swahili. Political administration was under the Belgian government where the King of Belgians remained the president. The Congolese natives were however not happy about this arrangement as racial segregation was rampant. The blacks could not mingle with the whites and they were not welcome in places where whites dominated. Only whites were allowed in the city centers and this pushed the blacks to the less glamorous reserves. This segregation also affected the employment sector where blacks were only given the low ranks. A curfew that restricted their movement was operational. They were not allowed out of their houses at particular times (Ankomah). Nationalist Movements of the Belgian Congo Nationalist movements were in place during Belgians rule but they looked down on them thus they went on unnoticed. Some religious and regional groups were opposed to these nationalist movements and formed their own. These movements pressurized Belgium to grant them independence as they were opposed to her rule. Belgian was not comfortable with this arrangement because she felt that this would evict her from her richest colony. A movement by the name ABAKO was formed in 1950 and this represented the ethno-religious groups (Breuilly 200). In 1956, the Nationalist Movement of the Belgian Congo was formed. It was otherwise known as the Mouvement National Congolais (MNC) headed by Patrice Lumumba. This partys main agenda was to turn Congo into a self government. It gained popularity among the Congolese natives and spread widely to six provinces. Due to internal pressures within the party, a splinter group led by Albert Kalonji departed. This party took the title Mouvement National Congolais Kalonji. This split however did not affect the Lumumbas party which was now referred to as Mouvement National Congolais Lumumba. It proved to be very influential in the politics of Belgian Congo. It was seen as a threat to the Belgian government because they could smell their downfall. March 1959 saw national-wide riots which were dubbed Leopoldville. This move further terrorized the Belgian government which saw to the legalization of the national movements which had been formed so far. This was a mighty revolution and the political parties formed an alliance (Absolute Astronomy, par.8). Factors that led to the rise of Nationalism Belgian saw Congo as a tribal country that was only kept together through their rule. Patrice Lumumba was a unifying leader and worked hard to change this perceived attitude of the Congolese citizens by Belgians. He sought to bring them together by sowing in them seeds of unity and harmony against the Belgians who were typical racialists. He was not afraid to speak his mind before the Belgians whenever he had a chance. He publicly talked about the abuse the Congolese natives got from the government in power. He talked about the hard labor they were subjected to, the beatings and the taunts they suffered in the hands of the Belgians. All this they got because of their skin color; they were black. He referred to them as mes freres du race meaning my brothers of race. This was supposed to signify the bond brought about by the stance they took against racial discrimination. Lumumbas calls for nationalism were not taken kindly by the Belgian government. The least they would have wanted was rebellion from the people who gave them the layout they needed for their exploits. This landed Lumumba jail terms every now and then but he was not about to give up. He and his co-fighters would be charged with sedition. The key Nationalist Movement of the Belgian Congo led by Lumumba aimed at ensuring that the Belgian government lived to their promise of granting Congo independence with no strings attached. The movement also planned to boycott all the elections organized by the Belgian government. This they would use as a leeway to gain control over police, the armed forces and the colonial apparatus which were already in place. Their plan had been well made and they saw themselves ridding Congo of the Belgian rule with time. They looked forward to end the dominance that Belgium had over Congo (Greenholt, par.2-4). The movement also looked at empowering the Congolese citizens by ensuring that they benefited from the countrys natural resources. This would raise their living standards and put them at par with other developed nations of the world. This movement was peace loving and saw this whole transition as peaceful. This did not thereby necessitate the formation of armed forces. Lumumba was a dedicated leader who was determined to empower his people. He was a passionate speaker and in one of his speeches he said the following; Mistakes have been made in Africa in the past, but we are ready to work with the powers which have been in Africa to create a powerful new bloc. If this effort fails, it will be through the fault of the West (Greenholt). This showed that his movement was more determined than ever to work out a clean deal with the colonizers not unless they were hard-hearted. Belgium honored her promise to grant Congo independence which came with so many strings attached. They saw Lumumba and his nationalist party as a threat to their plan and embarked on a war against him. This saw the Belgian bureaucrats vacate the offices with all records, files and telephones as they paved way for Lumumbas government. They were working hard literally to sabotage him (Revolutionary worker, par. 5). Impact of the Nationalist Movement of Belgian Congo to Congos politics The people of Congo had eagerly waited for this day when they would finally rid themselves of the colonialism demon which had chocked them for the longest time. These people had not known peace and hope did not exist in their vocabulary. They had been exploited and tormented by the Belgian colonialists. They had not lived to enjoy the fruits of their hard labor which benefited a few in the society. They worked tirelessly to fatten these colonialists bank accounts with proceeds from their rich heritage. They had someone to thank specially for this dream of freedom come true. This was none other than Patrice Lumumba. He takes much credit for the revolution that brought immense change in Congo (Revolutionary worker). Congos Independence Day was long awaited for and a Belgian King by the name Baudouin I had to show up in person to hand over the independence hat to the people of this nation. The independence ceremony took place in Leopoldville. Joseph Kasavubu was sworn in as the President and Patrice Lumumba as the Prime Minister. King Baudouin I came with the hopes that he would still be closely associated with this nation and somehow continue the exploits which his country, Belgium had enjoyed over the years (Revolutionary Worker). One Lumumba saw this coming and was not happy at all. This Prime Minister could not be hoodwinked just like that. It was with this spirit therefore that he addressed all the people who had assembled. He revisited the hardships and abuse that the Congolese natives had suffered under the Belgian governments rule. He went ahead to lay down his portfolio on the future and the hopes he had for his beloved people and country, Congo. This speech was a bitter pill for King Baudouin I to swallow and Lumumbas coalition partners were shocked. They had not seen this coming. This became Lumumbas most famous speech. In this speech he mourned the distress and the problems that they had to go through as the natives of Congo under the Belgian colonialism but celebrates that at least now the leadership of the country was under the natives (Revolutionary Worker). All that, my brothers, we have endured. But we, whom the vote of your elected representatives have given the right to direct our dear country, we who have suffered in our body and in our heart from colonial oppression, we tell you very loud, all that is henceforth ended. The Republic of the Congo has been proclaimed, and our country is now in the hands of its own children (Revolutionary Worker). This speech was so powerful and greatly moved the audience. The wounds they had suffered under the colonialists were now fresher than ever. The pain they felt was deep and they felt used. Their eyes were opened once more to the atrocities that had been committed to them in their own country by these selfish people. What they overlooked was that Belgian still had control over their country through the military. The Belgians had under their arms Congos police force and army safely tucked. The countrys wealth was still under Belgians mineral corporations. Her strategy was to ensure that the country was in the hands of imperialists who they would manipulate to ensure that their stakes remained productive for their own selfish gain (Revolutionary Worker). Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba was therefore a stumbling block to this move. This prompted the imperialist agents to assassinate him on 18th January 1961, soon after he was sworn in as Prime Minister at a tender age of 35. This was after he underwent a lot of injustices and mistreatment which included a house arrest, brutalization and torture in the hands of Colonel Mobutus men. Mobutu had been played a key role in ensuring that the Belgian government stakes were safeguarded. He was their informer and they manipulated him to gain their ground. He was their puppet (The Internationalist, par. 1). Lumumbas assassination came as a great shock to the people he fought for relentlessly. It also served as an eye opener to them that it would take shedding of blood to gain total liberation from the colonialists. The people of Congo had viewed him as their savior and in fact saw him as a black Christ who had sacrificed his life for the sake of his people. So many people were enraged at his death that numerous paintings were done depicting him as a great hero. One of such paintings was that of his portrait inside the map of Congo. Another painting shows him breaking off the chains off his arms and at the same time raising the flag of Congo (The Museum of Arts). A week before his assassination, Lumumba wrote a letter to his wife, Pauline Lumumba. This is what the letter dated January 1961 had; No brutality, mistreatment, or torture has ever forced me to ask for grace, for I prefer to die with my head high, my faith unshakable, and my confidence profound in the destiny of my country, rather than to live in submission and scorn of sacred principles. History will one day have its say, but it will not be the history that Brussels, Paris, Washington, or the United Nations will teach, but that which they will teach in the countries emancipated from colonialism and its puppets (Revolutionary Worker, par. 6). Conclusion The nationalist movements of Belgian Congo worked hard to redeem a people who had been oppressed. The Congolese people had been subjected to hard labor, slavery, racial discrimination, starvation, murders and all sorts of mistreatment. These movements enlightened the people of Congo on the evils of the colonialists. Their aim was to get their country back, their freedom and their dignity, all which they had lost to the Belgian government. There was a price to pay and they were not afraid. Patrice Lumumba paid with his life but the struggle did not end there. He had indeed fought a good fight that led to the liberation of his people from this dehumanizing rule initiated by King Leopold II. Were it not for the nationalist movements of Belgian Congo, these atrocities would have continued and independence would have been a far away dream for the Congolese people.

The Great Depression and Franklin D. Roosevelts New Deal Essay

The Great Depression and Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal During the 1930's, America witnessed a breakdown of the Democratic and free enterprise system as the US fell into the worst depression in history. The economic depression that beset the United States and other countries was unique in its severity and its consequences. At the depth of the depression, in 1933, one American worker in every four was out of a job. The great industrial slump continued throughout the 1930's, shaking the foundations of Western capitalism. The New Deal describes the program of US president Franklin D. Roosevelt from 1933 to 1939 of relief, recovery, and reform. These new policies aimed to solve the economic problems created by the depression of the 1930's. When Roosevelt was nominated, he said, "I pledge you, I pledge myself, to a new deal for the American people." The New Deal included federal action of unprecedented scope to stimulate industrial recovery, assist victims of the Depression, guarantee minimum living standards, and prevent future economic crises. Many economic, political, and social factors lead up to the New Deal. Staggering statistics, like a 25% unemployment rate, and the fact that 20% of NYC school children were under weight and malnourished, made it clear immediate action was necessary. In the first two years, the New Deal was concerned mainly with relief, setting up shelters and soup kitchens to feed the millions of unemployed. However as time progressed, the focus shifted towards recovery. In order to accomplish this monumental task, several agencies were created. The National Recovery Administration (NRA) was the keystone of the early new deal program launched by Roosevelt. It was created... ... After the law was passed, wages began to rise as the economy turned to war production. Wages and prices continued to rise, and the original minimum wage ceased to be relevant. However, this new law still excluded millions of working people, as did social security. However, a severe recession led many people to turn against New Deal policies. In addition, World War II erupted in September 1939. Causing an enormous growth in the economy as war goods were once again in great demand. No major New Deal legislation was enacted after 1938. The Depression was a devastating event in America, and by regulating banks and the stock market the New Deal eliminated the dubious financial practices that had helped precipitate the Great Depression. However, Roosevelt's chief fiscal tool, deficit spending, proved to be ineffective in averting downturns in the economy.

A few words on Dantes Inferno Essay -- essays research papers

A Few Words on Dante’s Inferno  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Like in the Inferno, where the gates of Hell begin the journey to the bottom, so life is began by birth, and the journey to Eternity begins. Some lives are more easily lead than others, like some of the punishments in Dante’s version of Hell are worse than others. Although in Hell, there is no hope, not even the hope of hope, the journey that Dante and Virgil take can be compared with the journey of life. Just the fact that Dante has someone to guide him can be comparison, everyone in life has a Guardian Angel assigned to them, as Dante had his own guide in his journey. But to compare all parts of life to the Inferno, one must start at the beginning to realized the end. The birth of body, and the death of the soul.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Midway on his journey through life, Dante realizes he has taken the wrong path. He is lucky. Many of those on the wrong path in their own lives have started on that same path on which they will also end; Dante realizes his error and, in attempting to set himself back on the right path, he goes on an important journey. Like those who also stray from their â€Å"right† path, this poet must embark on a fantastic and terrifying journey of exploration and self discovery.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the Inferno, the circle of Hell is determined by the sins the person (soul) committed while still alive on earth. For their deeds, they suffer eternally according to Divine Justice. The people one sees in life can already have chosen their eternal fate. Their outward actions may determine which part of Hell they are sent to, if indeed they are fated to go there and if Hell is the way Dante puts it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the first Canto, Dante realizes he is lost. He says that he does not remember how he lost his way, but he has wandered into a fearful place, a dark and tangled valley. Above, he sees a great hill that seems to offer protection from the shadowed vale. The sun shines down from this hilltop, and Dante attempts to climb toward the light. As he climbs, however, he encounters three angry beasts: a leopard, a lion, and a she-wolf—which force him to turn back. Returning in despair to the dark valley, Dante sees a human form in the woods, which soon reveals itself to be the soul of the great Roman poet Virgil.   &nbs... ... in the trials that lurk ahead, and the reward lost unless it is remembered. But the journey alone is not enough. Choices must be made upon this journey, and blinded by distractions, wrong choices are often made. Many are afraid of where their trip will take them, whether or not they will make the right choices, and like those in the ante Inferno, they make the choice not to make a choice and receive a punishment appropriate to their crime, and are forever tormented by their own indecision. But there are far worse punishments.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As Dante and Virgil go through Hell, Dante observes the different punishments of the souls for the corresponding crimes that they committed while still on earth. This raises a question: was Dante biased in his placement of the souls in Hell? Did his own personal experiences with people he placed in Hell affect the way they were punished in his story? Would someone else put it differently?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To answer this question, yes. Based on the personal opinions of many asked, Dante did put people he disliked in certain lower circles of Hell than he did of other well known people. But this raises more questions.

Concept Of God In Philosophy Essay

Please explain Immanuel Kant’s challenge to modern theology.   In other words, what is Kant’s epistemology, i.e., his theory of how human beings know (how the mind functions)?   According to this theory, then, is it possible to know God?   Is it possible to have natural knowledge of God or to experience God in his view?   How would Christian theologians and believers, who wanted to demonstrate the rational intelligibility of belief in and knowledge of God, respond to this?   (10 points).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Immanuel Kant started with the hypothesis that: â€Å"the mind is active†. It forms part in the understanding of human especially if it is already acquainted with different kinds of experience and always imposes upon cognition in any forms given that it is still in the line of human perception.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However he said that not all things are connected to each other because in a way, they are not observable which gives the presumption that its connectivity is not determined by that simple idea. And also, Kant said that we lack the necessary organ to accommodate all the information that the mind can and may process.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The mind cannot produce knowledge of such a transcendent being (The Breakdown of the Religion of Reason, p. 65). He also showed that, God is supposed to be perfect in all aspects of life. He followed what was written by Anselm during the 11th century and presented concrete evidences for such actuation. However, he wishes not to contradict the existence of God because it will also oppose that the predicate of a subject is not logical to use. He added that it will be a useless thing to do since there will be no contradiction because of his given analogy. Since existence is not a predicate, if I deny God’s existence, I am not denying a predicate of a subject; hence no logical contradiction is involved as the proponents of the argument contend. (Modern Christian Thought, p.66)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   And he also argued that there is a limit for a human to our own empirical knowledge against the pure point of our operative life. Instead, this empirical knowledge is completely independent and the principles of pure reason.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Additionally, he said that human act morally not because of inclination to a certain event or object but because of one’s sense of duty. To act morally is not to act from inclination or even prudence but from a sense of duty (The Breakdown of the Religion of Reason, p. 69) What are the some of the most basic characteristics and values of the Enlightenment?   What are the chief enlightenment values and how do these compare with those values/characteristics of the medieval era?   Define the Enlightenment view of freedom and reason.   Use your text on e-reserve.   Then, respond: how would a theologian (like me) understand the promise and problem of these views from a theological (having to do with God) perspective?  Ã‚   (5 points).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Enlightenment brought about change in man’s perception of the world and the society. According to Kant that the gist of the said idea is something that is already embedded to the line of thinking of a person and that it shows on up to what extent is a man capable or willing to do to suffice his own interest. Underlying this whole movement is a renewed awareness and trust in man’s own capacities and appreciation of, interest in, and hope for human life on this earth (Modern Christian Thought, p.2)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It was also during this time that â€Å"authoritarianism and the emergence of individual reason† started to spread amongst the people. From this time on, there is already a widespread of being liberated or freed from any entanglement to any person. It was then that autonomy is seen on a different perspective and remarkably, no one challenged the said idea.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Accordingly, there is another major contribution during the time of Enlightenment. The act of reasoning also became widespread following Francis Bacon and John Locke. They are the ones who defied the first idea given by Rene Descartes. It was then that Reason is treated as something that is a vital and progressive force; the depth of its meaning can be deduced by its function which can create many avenues to determine fact from opinion. How does Friedrich Schleiermacher respond to Kant’s challenge to modern theology?   How do human beings come to know God according to Schleiermacher?   What, then, is the subject of theology for a theologian like Schleiermacher?   (10 points)     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Schleiermacher defined what he thinks to be the true nature of religion and the conception of its idea. With this kind, there are two (2) forms of religion such as theoretical or practical point of view. He added that religion should be â€Å"something different from a mixture of opinions about God and the world, and of precepts of for one life or two†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   He also argues that if religion is the highest form of knowledge it should follow that reason or any scientific method can be measured by any organ. Also, he adds that if religion can be attained by reading materials such as books, journals, etc, then the most religious person should also be the most intelligent one. And, he clarified that neither religion nor morality should be interchanged or be treated as the same.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Religion is a feeling thus it is only a psychological emotion claiming that it is an immediate intuition or is based on one person’s instinct. However, he clarified that God need not to be present in any object or present Himself in such a way that He will be tangible for human.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   He said that no man is religious because he was able to read doctrines and follow it thoroughly and experience different kinds of things instead, piety emancipates from one’s own original feeling and not because other people told him to be as such. What are some of the most basic characteristics and values of Romanticism, the intellectual movement of the 19th century which following the Rationalism of the Enlightenment in the 18th century.   How does Schleiermacher reflect the ideas of Romanticism?   (5 points)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Romanticism as what Schleiermacher have seen it, it is a new way for â€Å"modern religious† thoughts have a foundation or ground that will suffice the needs, interest and critiques of most people especially the Philosophers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   By giving this idea to the people, he wanted to show to them that what religion they have been rejecting all the while is not at all the religion that they need to embrace and understand deeply. Rather, it is the â€Å"external† religion that they are despising all the while and that this kind of religion is something that should not be studied or known at all.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   He also wanted to defy the opinions that were raised during that time about the religion on utilitarianism. Schleiermacher claims that if there is a certain point when the issue is not coherent with its true value, then it is something that should not be wasted time upon.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, he contradicts his own perception by saying that religion has a peculiar sense that is indispensable when talking about the spirit of man. Modern theology in the 19th century followed the thought of Friedrich Schleiermacher and his way of doing theology.   What major event occurred at the beginning of the 20th century that convinced Karl Barth that the entire way of doing modern/liberal theology was deeply problematic and morally bankrupt?   (5 points) One major event that made Barth think that doing liberal theology is problematic and morally bankrupt is when the Church always assumes that they are infallible or those who does not do anything wrong to any one and at the end of the day, surrender their selves to the Holy Spirit and Jesus Christ. This is when Barth said that â€Å"hermeneutical principles of subordination and surrender have nothing to do with the kind of biblical or ecclesial authoritarianism†. Because according to him, having a superior and an inferior means that there should be an effort to remove one’s self from interpretative process instead focus on neither human basic needs nor the desire for authority. How does Karl Barth understand that human beings may come to know God?   Do we have a natural capacity, i.e., an ability within human nature and thus apart from God, to know God?   (10 points)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   We should cultivate a life that is humble and each should not cease on praying before Him, listening actively to His teachings in order for us to know what are the things that we really need.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   He added that to â€Å"let go† of the material and human needs that we have right now is a preparation for us to know God fully. Leaving things would eventually prepare us from knowing how the real God is and that we will have a much clearer understanding on why He created things.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Also, by leaving things, we do not need to carry on an excess baggage that may sometimes hinder us from knowing who God really is. What happens when human beings claim to know God on the basis of their own experience or their own thinking about God?   What happens when human beings try to know how Jesus was on the basis of their own historical reconstruction or psychological evaluation of him?   Why is this so dangerous?   How is it to be avoided? Can it be avoided?   What is the only way, according to Barth, that purely human thinking about God can be avoided?   (10 points)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When we experience things, it means that, in one way or another we have already met God. However, each person has a different meaning on things especially with their experiences. It can be connoted as something that is dangerous for them but pleasant to others. That is why there is a misconception on which our God really should be.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is dangerous because people are worshipping other gods and is prone to misunderstanding especially to those who have a different encounter with their own gods. It can also be a way of having the society is fragmented since there are different sides of the story on how they were able to encounter god.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Proper interpretation of things can somehow avoid this kind of fragment among the people. However, only few are able to interpret the story well and still leaves the danger hanging and vulnerable to anyone who tries to interpret anything. What is theology for Barth?   How should the theologian attempt to do theology?  Ã‚   What do faith, prayer, and obedience have to do with this method or way of theological reflection?   Define faith, prayer, and obedience for Barth.   (10 points)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Obedience as it is being co-related to faith, according to Barth, is something that â€Å"can simply turn on at moment of one’s choosing†. By these, it is one way for God to connect with his people and confront them in their own freedom and history.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Needless to say, one’s interpretation of things should be accorded with obedience in order to examine personal experience and relate it to the scripture or passage that is being taught. For him, the writers should not write about anything that will be later on associated with them, rather they should write about an experience that is interlaying with the scripture that they are reviewing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   With prayers, he said that it is not necessary to endlessly pray to God, admit it or not, we are not all the time confident that God is listening to our prayers. What is scripture according to Karl Barth?   How does this reflect a deeply theological understanding, i.e., an understanding that comes from God.   And, how does this reflect a deeply human and modern understanding of the role of human beings in the writing of the Bible?   Is the Bible already the Word of God i.e., the words on the page, for Barth, or does the Bible become the Word of God?   If so, when does it become the Word of God?   What happens to make it become the Word of God?   (10 points)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A scripture, according to Barth is something that is written about God and will be relevant or at least be a human testimony of God’s existence and all the things that he did in history.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   He tends to interpret scriptures, known as hermeneutics, to help biblical scholars to understand the true meaning of each. And with that, he tends to extend some of his arms to other people in terms of helping them suffice whatever struggle they have.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, with his interpretations does not come any personal experience. He writes some of his experience but does not delve much on to it. Rather, he makes a deeper study on why those things were said and how the people did then accepted or rejected the fact that things are happening during their time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Bible is the Word of God because it contains His teachings and the moral lessons that we need to learn in life. However, not all teachings can be found in the Bible. Some should be experienced first hand in order for us to learn new things. According to Rosemary Radford Ruether, what does all theology begin with?   What is the problem with the so-called â€Å"objective† sources of Christian theology, i.e., scripture and tradition? And, what is unique about feminist theology and the role of experience in theology according to Ruether? What is the hermeneutical circle of theological interpretation?   What is the final norm/criterion of theological truth? (10 points)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Theology is the testimony of one’s faith, life and service to God. Theology actually questions it self whether or not they are true or not. There are specific gauge that is used in order for Theology to be considered true, they measure their action, talk about God, and if it is against the Church. It is also something that is alien with its own standard; source and object.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On the other hand, the feminist theology uses experience as a criterion for exploring a much deeper sense of study and critical forces based on the experience of males that eventually gives them the notion as a universal human experience. What is the prophetic biblical principle interpreted from a feminist perspective?   What are the four main categories of feminist liberation theology?   Cite biblical passages that show you understand how the Bible can be used to fight the root sin of domination and subjugation. (5 points)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Those females are only second-grade citizens compared to male. Because then, there is a stereotype in gender since other scholars claim that males are wiser than female. Also, the Patriarchal system exists that time and that same idea is molded upon the image of God, reasoning that God is male.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     There is also a prophetic traditional labeled as â€Å"cultural vacuum† that makes true of the statement written above. It shows how the society is delving much on what they think is right because it is fair and just to all of them but on what is written in the scriptures. Compare and contrast the theology of Karl Barth with that of Rosemary Radford Ruther?   How would Karl Barth critique Ruether?   What would he say about the role of experience and the potential dangers involved in such a kind of theology?   What would Karl Barth say about God in her theology?   Does she have a role for the objective action of God in the world or is God only actualized in our consciousness and social activity for the poor and marginalized? How would Ruether respond to this critique?   What would she say in her defense?   In other words, what are the problems of beginning with scripture and tradition apart from women’s experience according to Ruether?  Ã‚   What would that do for or to women?   Finally, how would Ruether criticize the theology of Karl Barth?   What is the problem of beginning with revelation in scripture, and apart from women’s experience, according to Ruether? (10 points)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Barth and Ruether have completely different view points with regards to Theology and how they perceive such topic. With Barth, he is more of delving much on the experience of one person because from the experience they may be able to deduce something that is very vital for their survival. Also, he tends to focus more on the things that needs to be critically revised or interpreted using personal experiences he got from other people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Barth is also confided with the norms of the society. He was not able to explore on other possible things and did not try to convince other people that there are other possibilities regarding their study.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   With Ruether, she is more of a liberal thinker, given that there are points that she raised about feminist liberal theology. She was able to grasp on other ideas or methods to use in other to arrive at a much well interpreted scripture following the experiences of the writer or associating the moral of the scripture to any experience that of the writer.